By Ariane de Vogue

WASHINGTON — (CNN) The battle over gun rights returns to the nation’s capital Tuesday, when a federal appeals court will consider a gun restriction that requires applicants for a license to carry a concealed firearm to demonstrate a “good reason” to fear injury to his or her person or property.

“This is the most important question in the Second Amendment today,” said Adam Winkler of UCLA School of Law. “Whether people can carry guns in public and under what conditions is a major battleground.”

Eight years ago, it was another Washington gun ordinance that triggered a landmark Supreme Court opinion — District of Columbia v. Heller — that held for the first time that the Second Amendment protects an individual’s right to bear arms.

The opinion capped off a decades-long debate on whether the right applied only in connection to service in a state militia.

Back in 2008, the law at issue concerned a total ban on handguns in the home. Tuesday’s case deals with weapons outside the home.

Gun rights advocates thought that Heller — penned by the late Justice Antonin Scalia — would encourage courts to strike down restrictions across the country.

That didn’t happen. Instead, many courts relied upon a different part of Scalia’s opinion where he cautioned that the Second Amendment should not be understood as conferring a “right to keep and carry any weapon whatsoever in any manner whatsoever and for whatever purpose.”

Meanwhile, the Supreme Court has declined to take up any follow-up cases.

How Scalia will be replaced has become a major issue in the presidential race. Donald Trump has pledged to appoint conservative justices in the mold of Scalia. Trump’s GOP primary rival, Ted Cruz, consistently name-checked the Heller decision. Hillary Clinton has advocated for stronger gun control laws. Meanwhile, President Barack Obama’s nominee for the bench, Judge Merrick Garland, waits on the sidelines.

The DC law at issue in Tuesday’s case is based on similar provisions in New York, Maryland and New Jersey.

Several plaintiffs are challenging the law, including Matthew Grace, who says he was denied a permit in 2016 because he had failed to show a “good or proper reason” to support his request for a license. He owns four lawfully registered handguns and seeks to carry them outside the home for self-defense.

Grace’s case and a similar one brought by different plaintiffs split two different district court judges reviewing the law.

The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia will hear both appeals on Tuesday.

“The District of Columbia has spent the last four decades trying to drain the Second Amendment of any meaning,” Charles Cooper, a lawyer representing Grace and other plaintiffs, argued in court papers. Cooper says that officials in DC have claimed a power “to decide, on a case-by-case basis, whether an applicant for a license to carry a handgun has, in the estimation of its officials, shown ‘good reason’ that a license should issue.”

Cooper objects to the fact that DC officials have given themselves the power to decide “on a case-by-case basis” whether an applicant has “good reason” to obtain a license to carry a concealed gun.

He says that such a power is “categorically irreconcilable” with the Second Amendment. “Nearly a decade after Heller, the District of Columbia still refuses to treat the right to bear arms as a genuine constitutional right,” he said.

In their briefs, lawyers for the District of Columbia point out that Washington is “unique” in that it is filled with thousands of high ranking federal officials, and diplomats and it hosts hundreds of heavily attended events annually including political marches and protests.

Citing Supreme Court precedent, Karl A. Racine, Attorney General for the District of Columbia, argues that the “Second Amendment preserves the ability of local jurisdictions to devise solutions to social problems that suit local needs and values, and that is precisely what the Council has done through the ‘good reason’ standard.”

DC is supported by lawyers for the Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence, who emphasize that from 2014 to 2015, the homicide rate in the District increased 54%.

“The District may meet or surpass that tragic record in 2016,” Jonathan Lowy, an attorney for the Brady Center, argued in briefs. He pointed out that in one DC area — Ward 7 — homicides have tripled so far this year.

“It is critical that law enforcement maintain its longstanding authority to prevent the rampant carrying of guns in public places,” Lowy said in an interview. “It would be an extraordinary and radical shift for a court to find that law enforcement has no authority to reasonably regulate the carrying of hidden handguns in public.”

But the National Rifle Association counters that while DC officials are “rightly concerned about violent crime,” the “Constitution affords them considerable discretion in addressing the problem. ”

“The Second Amendment’s protection of the ‘right of the people to keep and bear arms’ necessarily takes certain policy choices off the table.” NRA’s lawyer Paul Clement argued in court briefs. “Municipal leaders, no matter how well-intentioned, cannot simply enact any gun control law that they deem to be reasonable.”

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