WASHINGTON — (CNN) January brought snow and pink slips for many Americans.

Job cuts soared 218% in January, according to career placement firm Challenger, Gray & Christmas. Layoffs were particularly heavy in the energy and retail sectors.

American employers announced 75,114 cuts in the first month of the year, according to Challenger. It was a big jump from December when there were only 23,622 announced layoffs.

Walmart and Macy’s are closing stores and letting workers go as they try to compete with the heavy rise in online shopping. Walmart alone announced it will close 269 stores, putting 16,000 workers out of jobs.

America’s energy boom is creating its own problems. It’s caused a global oil glut, sending prices plunging from over $100 in the summer of 2014 to $30 now.

Some oil firms are already going bankrupt. Those that are surviving are slashing costs and workers.

Everyone from Main Street to Wall Street is watching what happens to American jobs. It holds the key to how the economy performs this year, and it could even sway the presidential election results.

Unemployment is very low, but the majority of Americans are still worried about the direction of the economy — for themselves and their children.

There are already several red flags. Growth slowed dramatically at the end of last year. The manufacturing sector is already in a recession, and even the normally powerhouse service sector lost momentum in January. That’s according to the latest non-manufacturing ISM report that came out Wednesday.

Many experts still think the economy will bounce back this year, but that depends almost entirely on American consumers continuing to spend money on cars, clothes and cell phones.

If job losses pick up, that could cramp spending.

Every week, the government reports how many Americans filed for new unemployment benefits. For the past few years, the number of new claims has fallen dramatically as the economy improved from the Great Recession.

But now it’s starting to tick up again.

Many more Americans than expected — 285,000 people — filed for unemployment benefits last week. Experts had predicted less than 280,000 would submit the paperwork.

January is often a weak month for jobs. Many workers who were hired to help out for the busy holiday season are laid off as stores empty out.

But the job cuts this January were over 40% worse than the same period in 2015, according to Challenger.

On Friday, the official government data comes out on how many jobs were added in January. Anything above 200,000 jobs would be a sign of the U.S. economy’s resilience despite the slowdown in China, Europe and other parts of the world.

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