WASHINGTON — (CNN) An American aircraft carrier was closely tracked by a Chinese submarine off the coast of Japan last month, a U.S. defense official said, in the latest example of the test of wills between the two countries in the waters of the Pacific.

A submerged Chinese Kilo-class fast-attack submarine shadowed the USS Ronald Reagan for at least half a day on October 24, the official said.

He did not say how close the two vessels came to each other, but he noted, “It was more than a brief encounter.”

There was no indication of threatening behavior, and no communications exchanged between the two craft, he said, but American anti-submarine aircraft monitored the Chinese vessel.

Chinese officials have not yet commented on the matter.

The U.S. defense official played down the threatening nature of the incident, saying that any time the U.S. conducts joint exercises with Japan, the Chinese sometimes “come out and take a look at what’s going on.”

But it is always a concern when ships operate in close proximity, according to one former carrier strike group commander who has experienced several encounters like this.

“Some person cuts off the other one. Ships can collide. We’ve had cases where people didn’t understand intent, where gun-mounts were trained,” said retired Adm. Pete Daly, who now heads the U.S. Naval Institute. “There’s the potential for misunderstanding or the potential for a strategic miscalculation.”

At the height of the Cold War, American and Soviet ships and submarines would stalk each other across the world’s oceans in a high-stakes game of cat and mouse, testing each other’s capabilities.

In 1984, a Soviet submarine and an American aircraft carrier, the Kitty Hawk, collided in the Sea of Japan, causing some damage to the Soviet vessel.

But there is also a potential benefit when competing navies have close encounters.

“The truth is, we track them tracking us, and we learn about their capabilities,” said Robert Daly, who directs the Kissinger Institute on China at the Woodrow Wilson Center.

“Chinese submarines are growing in number, but they’re still relatively noisy,” he pointed out. “They’re at least a generation behind us. And when they track us, we find out what they are capable of.”

The Reagan, a 1,000-foot nuclear-powered carrier that can carry 90 warplanes and a crew of 5,000, was off the southern coast of Japan.

The encounter, first reported by the Washington Free Beacon, comes at a time of naval tensions between the two countries, most recently over China’s territorial claims in the South China Sea.

Just three days after the submarine incident, the U.S. sent a warship to pass within less than 12 miles of one of China’s artificial islands as a challenge to Beijing’s claims that the new islands are Chinese territory.

China’s ambassador to the United States said the transit was “a very serious provocation, politically and militarily,” but U.S. Defense Secretary Ashton Carter has said such missions will continue.

Carter, who attended a regional meeting of defense ministers in Malaysia this week, has announced he will visit an American aircraft carrier in the South China Sea, the USS Theodore Roosevelt, on Thursday with his Malaysian counterpart.

In May, a U.S. surveillance plane swooped over the contested islands, triggering warnings from the Chinese navy to back off.

Meanwhile, Chinese navy ships passed through American waters off Alaska, coming closer than 12 miles, in September, in what officials described as a first for China.

“I actually think it’s the beginning of a tense period,” said the Wilson Center’s Robert Daly. “This is going to be a long process in which there is a mutual testing of limits and sending of signals.”

Analysts say in recent years China has been increasing its spending on naval forces, while at the same time the U.S. has outlined plans for a rebalancing of forces toward the Pacific.

“The U.S. still remains the military leader in the Pacific,” said Mira Rapp-Hooper with the Center for a New American Security. “But every year for the last 20 years, China has increased its defense budget by double digits, and it is now a serious regional and global player when it comes to its military capabilities.”

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